(sometimes only for ASCII characters) and may not cover the full

range of Unicode points: for example Solaris (and Windows) only

Cairo installations without X11 are more likely to be

graphics devices will be available but not

should be used when only static cairo (and where relevant, Pango)

Cairo-based graphics devices on platforms without Pango but

with FreeType/FontConfig will make use of the latter for font selection.

LTO when installing the recommended packages.

Packages can opt in or out of LTO compilation

can be overridden by the command-line flags.)

and hence character lengths are passed from C to

code compilation is organized and documents new features:

can be built with Link-Time Optimization with a

suitable compiler -- doing so with GCC 9.2 showed several

inconsistencies which have been corrected.

There is support for cross-compiling the C and Fortran

and standard packages on suitable (Linux) platforms.

This is mainly intended to allow developers to test later

versions of compilers -- for example using GCC 9.2 or 10.x has

detected issues that GCC 8.3 in Rtools40 does not.

There is experimental support for cross-building

packages with C, C++ and/or Fortran code.

The R installer can now be optionally built to support a single

architecture (only 64-bit or only 32-bit).

The default C++ standard has been changed to C++14 where

(as before) C++11 is used if available otherwise C++ is not

Packages which specify C++11 will still be installed using C++11.

C++14 compilers may give deprecation warnings, most often for

or modernize the code and if needed specify C++14.  The latter has

This provides a valuable check on code consistency.  It does work

with GCC 8.3 as in Rtools40, but that does not detect everything

The default personal library directory on builds with

(and hence the packages) were built for,

build of R is run under Rosetta emulation on

statements, which were possibly intended as

Meyer). This check can be activated via the new environment

previous builds from the top-level package directory.