Microsoft servers using TDS 7.0 and above (anything since Microsoft SQL Server 6.5) transmit their data in UCS-2 format (16-bit integers). Because most applications linked to FreeTDS™ are not prepared to deal with UCS-2 data, FreeTDS™ can convert the data to something more acceptable, including ASCII. To do so, it employs an iconv™ library. FreeTDS™ determines the server's encoding from the TDS protocol and information reported by the server (generally per connection, but in the case of TDS 7.1, per result set column). It discovers the client's encoding in freetds.conf. FreeTDS™ will happily convert and convey your data in any single-byte format that iconv™ can provide. In practice, this normally means some form of ISO 8859-x or UTF-8.

At some future time, FreeTDS™ aims to support Unicode and other multi-byte character sets. It does not do so at the current time, beside using wide functions in ODBC.

Sybase servers, by the way, adhere to a “server makes right” policy: they transmit their data in whatever character set the client requested at login time. The list of available character sets is fairly short, but includes UTF-8. While FreeTDS™ could convert Sybase data streams as easily as it does Microsoft data streams, to our knowledge no one is doing so. The Sybase server can perform the conversion itself, making FreeTDS™'s capability in this regard largely redundant and irrelevant.