/** * \file libyasm/bytecode.h * \brief YASM bytecode interface. * * \license * Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Johnson * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND OTHER CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR OTHER CONTRIBUTORS BE * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. * \endlicense */ #ifndef YASM_BYTECODE_H #define YASM_BYTECODE_H #ifndef YASM_LIB_DECL #define YASM_LIB_DECL #endif /** A data value (opaque type). */ typedef struct yasm_dataval yasm_dataval; /** A list of data values. */ typedef struct yasm_datavalhead yasm_datavalhead; /** Linked list of data values. */ /*@reldef@*/ STAILQ_HEAD(yasm_datavalhead, yasm_dataval); /** Add a dependent span for a bytecode. * \param add_span_data add_span_data passed into bc_calc_len() * \param bc bytecode containing span * \param id non-zero identifier for span; may be any non-zero value * if <0, expand is called for any change; * if >0, expand is only called when exceeds threshold * \param value dependent value for bytecode expansion * \param neg_thres negative threshold for long/short decision * \param pos_thres positive threshold for long/short decision */ typedef void (*yasm_bc_add_span_func) (void *add_span_data, yasm_bytecode *bc, int id, const yasm_value *value, long neg_thres, long pos_thres); /** Bytecode callback structure. Any implementation of a specific bytecode * must implement these functions and this callback structure. The bytecode * implementation-specific data is stored in #yasm_bytecode.contents. */ typedef struct yasm_bytecode_callback { /** Destroys the implementation-specific data. * Called from yasm_bc_destroy(). * \param contents #yasm_bytecode.contents */ void (*destroy) (/*@only@*/ void *contents); /** Prints the implementation-specific data (for debugging purposes). * Called from yasm_bc_print(). * \param contents #yasm_bytecode.contents * \param f file * \param indent_level indentation level */ void (*print) (const void *contents, FILE *f, int indent_level); /** Finalizes the bytecode after parsing. Called from yasm_bc_finalize(). * A generic fill-in for this is yasm_bc_finalize_common(). * \param bc bytecode * \param prev_bc bytecode directly preceding bc */ void (*finalize) (yasm_bytecode *bc, yasm_bytecode *prev_bc); /** Return elements size of a data bytecode. * This function should return the size of each elements of a data * bytecode, for proper dereference of symbols attached to it. * \param bc bytecode * \return 0 if element size is unknown. */ int (*elem_size) (yasm_bytecode *bc); /** Calculates the minimum size of a bytecode. * Called from yasm_bc_calc_len(). * A generic fill-in for this is yasm_bc_calc_len_common(), but as this * function internal errors when called, be very careful when using it! * This function should simply add to bc->len and not set it directly * (it's initialized by yasm_bc_calc_len() prior to passing control to * this function). * * \param bc bytecode * \param add_span function to call to add a span * \param add_span_data extra data to be passed to add_span function * \return 0 if no error occurred, nonzero if there was an error * recognized (and output) during execution. * \note May store to bytecode updated expressions. */ int (*calc_len) (yasm_bytecode *bc, yasm_bc_add_span_func add_span, void *add_span_data); /** Recalculates the bytecode's length based on an expanded span length. * Called from yasm_bc_expand(). * A generic fill-in for this is yasm_bc_expand_common(), but as this * function internal errors when called, if used, ensure that calc_len() * never adds a span. * This function should simply add to bc->len to increase the length by * a delta amount. * \param bc bytecode * \param span span ID (as given to add_span in calc_len) * \param old_val previous span value * \param new_val new span value * \param neg_thres negative threshold for long/short decision * (returned) * \param pos_thres positive threshold for long/short decision * (returned) * \return 0 if bc no longer dependent on this span's length, negative if * there was an error recognized (and output) during execution, * and positive if bc size may increase for this span further * based on the new negative and positive thresholds returned. * \note May store to bytecode updated expressions. */ int (*expand) (yasm_bytecode *bc, int span, long old_val, long new_val, /*@out@*/ long *neg_thres, /*@out@*/ long *pos_thres); /** Convert a bytecode into its byte representation. * Called from yasm_bc_tobytes(). * A generic fill-in for this is yasm_bc_tobytes_common(), but as this * function internal errors when called, be very careful when using it! * \param bc bytecode * \param bufp byte representation destination buffer; * should be incremented as it's written to, * so that on return its delta from the * passed-in buf matches the bytecode length * (it's okay not to do this if an error * indication is returned) * \param bufstart For calculating the correct offset parameter for * the \a output_value calls: *bufp - bufstart. * \param d data to pass to each call to * output_value/output_reloc * \param output_value function to call to convert values into their byte * representation * \param output_reloc function to call to output relocation entries * for a single sym * \return Nonzero on error, 0 on success. * \note May result in non-reversible changes to the bytecode, but it's * preferable if calling this function twice would result in the * same output. */ int (*tobytes) (yasm_bytecode *bc, unsigned char **bufp, unsigned char *bufstart, void *d, yasm_output_value_func output_value, /*@null@*/ yasm_output_reloc_func output_reloc); /** Special bytecode classifications. Most bytecode types should use * #YASM_BC_SPECIAL_NONE. Others cause special handling to kick in * in various parts of yasm. */ enum yasm_bytecode_special_type { YASM_BC_SPECIAL_NONE = 0, /** Bytecode reserves space instead of outputting data. */ YASM_BC_SPECIAL_RESERVE, /** Adjusts offset instead of calculating len. */ YASM_BC_SPECIAL_OFFSET, /** Instruction bytecode. */ YASM_BC_SPECIAL_INSN } special; } yasm_bytecode_callback; /** A bytecode. */ struct yasm_bytecode { /** Bytecodes are stored as a singly linked list, with tail insertion. * \see section.h (#yasm_section). */ /*@reldef@*/ STAILQ_ENTRY(yasm_bytecode) link; /** The bytecode callback structure for this bytecode. May be NULL * during partial initialization. */ /*@null@*/ const yasm_bytecode_callback *callback; /** Pointer to section containing bytecode; NULL if not part of a * section. */ /*@dependent@*/ /*@null@*/ yasm_section *section; /** Number of times bytecode is repeated. * NULL=1 (to save space in the common case). */ /*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ yasm_expr *multiple; /** Total length of entire bytecode (not including multiple copies). */ unsigned long len; /** Number of copies, integer version. */ long mult_int; /** Line number where bytecode was defined. */ unsigned long line; /** Offset of bytecode from beginning of its section. * 0-based, ~0UL (e.g. all 1 bits) if unknown. */ unsigned long offset; /** Unique integer index of bytecode. Used during optimization. */ unsigned long bc_index; /** NULL-terminated array of labels that point to this bytecode (as the * bytecode previous to the label). NULL if no labels point here. */ /*@null@*/ yasm_symrec **symrecs; /** Implementation-specific data (type identified by callback). */ void *contents; }; /** Create a bytecode of any specified type. * \param callback bytecode callback functions, if NULL, creates empty * bytecode (may not be resolved or output) * \param contents type-specific data * \param line virtual line (from yasm_linemap) * \return Newly allocated bytecode of the specified type. */ YASM_LIB_DECL /*@only@*/ yasm_bytecode *yasm_bc_create_common (/*@null@*/ const yasm_bytecode_callback *callback, /*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ void *contents, unsigned long line); /** Transform a bytecode of any type into a different type. * \param bc bytecode to transform * \param callback new bytecode callback function * \param contents new type-specific data */ YASM_LIB_DECL void yasm_bc_transform(yasm_bytecode *bc, const yasm_bytecode_callback *callback, void *contents); /** Common bytecode callback finalize function, for where no finalization * is ever required for this type of bytecode. */ YASM_LIB_DECL void yasm_bc_finalize_common(yasm_bytecode *bc, yasm_bytecode *prev_bc); /** Common bytecode callback calc_len function, for where the bytecode has * no calculatable length. Causes an internal error if called. */ YASM_LIB_DECL int yasm_bc_calc_len_common(yasm_bytecode *bc, yasm_bc_add_span_func add_span, void *add_span_data); /** Common bytecode callback expand function, for where the bytecode is * always short (calc_len never calls add_span). Causes an internal * error if called. */ YASM_LIB_DECL int yasm_bc_expand_common (yasm_bytecode *bc, int span, long old_val, long new_val, /*@out@*/ long *neg_thres, /*@out@*/ long *pos_thres); /** Common bytecode callback tobytes function, for where the bytecode * cannot be converted to bytes. Causes an internal error if called. */ YASM_LIB_DECL int yasm_bc_tobytes_common (yasm_bytecode *bc, unsigned char **bufp, unsigned char *bufstart, void *d, yasm_output_value_func output_value, /*@null@*/ yasm_output_reloc_func output_reloc); /** Get the next bytecode in a linked list of bytecodes. * \param bc bytecode * \return Next bytecode. */ #define yasm_bc__next(bc) STAILQ_NEXT(bc, link) /** Set multiple field of a bytecode. * A bytecode can be repeated a number of times when output. This function * sets that multiple. * \param bc bytecode * \param e multiple (kept, do not free) */ YASM_LIB_DECL void yasm_bc_set_multiple(yasm_bytecode *bc, /*@keep@*/ yasm_expr *e); /** Create a bytecode containing data value(s). * \param datahead list of data values (kept, do not free) * \param size storage size (in bytes) for each data value * \param append_zero append a single zero byte after each data value * (if non-zero) * \param arch architecture (optional); if provided, data items * are directly simplified to bytes if possible * \param line virtual line (from yasm_linemap) * \return Newly allocated bytecode. */ YASM_LIB_DECL /*@only@*/ yasm_bytecode *yasm_bc_create_data (yasm_datavalhead *datahead, unsigned int size, int append_zero, /*@null@*/ yasm_arch *arch, unsigned long line); /** Create a bytecode containing LEB128-encoded data value(s). * \param datahead list of data values (kept, do not free) * \param sign signedness (1=signed, 0=unsigned) of each data value * \param line virtual line (from yasm_linemap) * \return Newly allocated bytecode. */ YASM_LIB_DECL /*@only@*/ yasm_bytecode *yasm_bc_create_leb128 (yasm_datavalhead *datahead, int sign, unsigned long line); /** Create a bytecode reserving space. * \param numitems number of reserve "items" (kept, do not free) * \param itemsize reserved size (in bytes) for each item * \param line virtual line (from yasm_linemap) * \return Newly allocated bytecode. */ YASM_LIB_DECL /*@only@*/ yasm_bytecode *yasm_bc_create_reserve (/*@only@*/ yasm_expr *numitems, unsigned int itemsize, unsigned long line); /** Get the number of items and itemsize for a reserve bytecode. If bc * is not a reserve bytecode, returns NULL. * \param bc bytecode * \param itemsize reserved size (in bytes) for each item (returned) * \return NULL if bc is not a reserve bytecode, otherwise an expression * for the number of items to reserve. */ YASM_LIB_DECL /*@null@*/ const yasm_expr *yasm_bc_reserve_numitems (yasm_bytecode *bc, /*@out@*/ unsigned int *itemsize); /** Create a bytecode that includes a binary file verbatim. * \param filename path to binary file (kept, do not free) * \param start starting location in file (in bytes) to read data from * (kept, do not free); may be NULL to indicate 0 * \param maxlen maximum number of bytes to read from the file (kept, do * do not free); may be NULL to indicate no maximum * \param linemap line mapping repository * \param line virtual line (from yasm_linemap) for the bytecode * \return Newly allocated bytecode. */ YASM_LIB_DECL /*@only@*/ yasm_bytecode *yasm_bc_create_incbin (/*@only@*/ char *filename, /*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ yasm_expr *start, /*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ yasm_expr *maxlen, yasm_linemap *linemap, unsigned long line); /** Create a bytecode that aligns the following bytecode to a boundary. * \param boundary byte alignment (must be a power of two) * \param fill fill data (if NULL, code_fill or 0 is used) * \param maxskip maximum number of bytes to skip * \param code_fill code fill data (if NULL, 0 is used) * \param line virtual line (from yasm_linemap) * \return Newly allocated bytecode. * \note The precedence on generated fill is as follows: * - from fill parameter (if not NULL) * - from code_fill parameter (if not NULL) * - 0 */ YASM_LIB_DECL /*@only@*/ yasm_bytecode *yasm_bc_create_align (/*@keep@*/ yasm_expr *boundary, /*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ yasm_expr *fill, /*@keep@*/ /*@null@*/ yasm_expr *maxskip, /*@null@*/ const unsigned char **code_fill, unsigned long line); /** Create a bytecode that puts the following bytecode at a fixed section * offset. * \param start section offset of following bytecode * \param fill fill value * \param line virtual line (from yasm_linemap) * \return Newly allocated bytecode. */ YASM_LIB_DECL /*@only@*/ yasm_bytecode *yasm_bc_create_org (unsigned long start, unsigned long fill, unsigned long line); /** Get the section that contains a particular bytecode. * \param bc bytecode * \return Section containing bc (can be NULL if bytecode is not part of a * section). */ YASM_LIB_DECL /*@dependent@*/ /*@null@*/ yasm_section *yasm_bc_get_section (yasm_bytecode *bc); /** Add to the list of symrecs that reference a bytecode. For symrec use * only. * \param bc bytecode * \param sym symbol */ YASM_LIB_DECL void yasm_bc__add_symrec(yasm_bytecode *bc, /*@dependent@*/ yasm_symrec *sym); /** Delete (free allocated memory for) a bytecode. * \param bc bytecode (only pointer to it); may be NULL */ YASM_LIB_DECL void yasm_bc_destroy(/*@only@*/ /*@null@*/ yasm_bytecode *bc); /** Print a bytecode. For debugging purposes. * \param f file * \param indent_level indentation level * \param bc bytecode */ YASM_LIB_DECL void yasm_bc_print(const yasm_bytecode *bc, FILE *f, int indent_level); /** Finalize a bytecode after parsing. * \param bc bytecode * \param prev_bc bytecode directly preceding bc in a list of bytecodes */ YASM_LIB_DECL void yasm_bc_finalize(yasm_bytecode *bc, yasm_bytecode *prev_bc); /** Determine the distance between the starting offsets of two bytecodes. * \param precbc1 preceding bytecode to the first bytecode * \param precbc2 preceding bytecode to the second bytecode * \return Distance in bytes between the two bytecodes (bc2-bc1), or NULL if * the distance was indeterminate. * \warning Only valid /after/ optimization. */ YASM_LIB_DECL /*@null@*/ /*@only@*/ yasm_intnum *yasm_calc_bc_dist (yasm_bytecode *precbc1, yasm_bytecode *precbc2); /** Get the offset of the next bytecode (the next bytecode doesn't have to * actually exist). * \param precbc preceding bytecode * \return Offset of the next bytecode in bytes. * \warning Only valid /after/ optimization. */ YASM_LIB_DECL unsigned long yasm_bc_next_offset(yasm_bytecode *precbc); /** Return elemens size of a data bytecode. * Returns the size of each elements of a data bytecode, for proper dereference * of symbols attached to it. * \param bc bytecode * \return 0 if element size is unknown */ YASM_LIB_DECL int yasm_bc_elem_size(yasm_bytecode *bc); /** Resolve EQUs in a bytecode and calculate its minimum size. * Generates dependent bytecode spans for cases where, if the length spanned * increases, it could cause the bytecode size to increase. * Any bytecode multiple is NOT included in the length or spans generation; * this must be handled at a higher level. * \param bc bytecode * \param add_span function to call to add a span * \param add_span_data extra data to be passed to add_span function * \return 0 if no error occurred, nonzero if there was an error recognized * (and output) during execution. * \note May store to bytecode updated expressions and the short length. */ YASM_LIB_DECL int yasm_bc_calc_len(yasm_bytecode *bc, yasm_bc_add_span_func add_span, void *add_span_data); /** Recalculate a bytecode's length based on an expanded span length. * \param bc bytecode * \param span span ID (as given to yasm_bc_add_span_func in * yasm_bc_calc_len) * \param old_val previous span value * \param new_val new span value * \param neg_thres negative threshold for long/short decision (returned) * \param pos_thres positive threshold for long/short decision (returned) * \return 0 if bc no longer dependent on this span's length, negative if * there was an error recognized (and output) during execution, and * positive if bc size may increase for this span further based on the * new negative and positive thresholds returned. * \note May store to bytecode updated expressions and the updated length. */ YASM_LIB_DECL int yasm_bc_expand(yasm_bytecode *bc, int span, long old_val, long new_val, /*@out@*/ long *neg_thres, /*@out@*/ long *pos_thres); /** Convert a bytecode into its byte representation. * \param bc bytecode * \param buf byte representation destination buffer * \param bufsize size of buf (in bytes) prior to call; size of the * generated data after call * \param gap if nonzero, indicates the data does not really need to * exist in the object file; if nonzero, contents of buf * are undefined [output] * \param d data to pass to each call to output_value/output_reloc * \param output_value function to call to convert values into their byte * representation * \param output_reloc function to call to output relocation entries * for a single sym * \return Newly allocated buffer that should be used instead of buf for * reading the byte representation, or NULL if buf was big enough to * hold the entire byte representation. * \note Calling twice on the same bytecode may \em not produce the same * results on the second call, as calling this function may result in * non-reversible changes to the bytecode. */ YASM_LIB_DECL /*@null@*/ /*@only@*/ unsigned char *yasm_bc_tobytes (yasm_bytecode *bc, unsigned char *buf, unsigned long *bufsize, /*@out@*/ int *gap, void *d, yasm_output_value_func output_value, /*@null@*/ yasm_output_reloc_func output_reloc) /*@sets *buf@*/; /** Get the bytecode multiple value as an integer. * \param bc bytecode * \param multiple multiple value (output) * \param calc_bc_dist nonzero if distances between bytecodes should be * calculated, 0 if error should be returned in this case * \return 1 on error (set with yasm_error_set), 0 on success. */ YASM_LIB_DECL int yasm_bc_get_multiple(yasm_bytecode *bc, /*@out@*/ long *multiple, int calc_bc_dist); /** Get the bytecode multiple value as an expression. * \param bc bytecode * \return Bytecode multiple, NULL if =1. */ YASM_LIB_DECL const yasm_expr *yasm_bc_get_multiple_expr(const yasm_bytecode *bc); /** Get a #yasm_insn structure from an instruction bytecode (if possible). * \param bc bytecode * \return Instruction details if bytecode is an instruction bytecode, * otherwise NULL. */ YASM_LIB_DECL /*@dependent@*/ /*@null@*/ yasm_insn *yasm_bc_get_insn(yasm_bytecode *bc); /** Create a new data value from an expression. * \param expn expression * \return Newly allocated data value. */ YASM_LIB_DECL yasm_dataval *yasm_dv_create_expr(/*@keep@*/ yasm_expr *expn); /** Create a new data value from a string. * \param contents string (may contain NULs) * \param len length of string * \return Newly allocated data value. */ YASM_LIB_DECL yasm_dataval *yasm_dv_create_string(/*@keep@*/ char *contents, size_t len); /** Create a new data value from raw bytes data. * \param contents raw data (may contain NULs) * \param len length * \return Newly allocated data value. */ YASM_LIB_DECL yasm_dataval *yasm_dv_create_raw(/*@keep@*/ unsigned char *contents, unsigned long len); /** Create a new uninitialized data value. * \return Newly allocated data value. */ YASM_LIB_DECL yasm_dataval *yasm_dv_create_reserve(void); #ifndef YASM_DOXYGEN #define yasm_dv_create_string(s, l) yasm_dv_create_raw((unsigned char *)(s), \ (unsigned long)(l)) #endif /** Get the underlying value of a data value. * \param dv data value * \return Value, or null if non-value (e.g. string or raw). */ YASM_LIB_DECL yasm_value *yasm_dv_get_value(yasm_dataval *dv); /** Set multiple field of a data value. * A data value can be repeated a number of times when output. This function * sets that multiple. * \param dv data value * \param e multiple (kept, do not free) */ YASM_LIB_DECL void yasm_dv_set_multiple(yasm_dataval *dv, /*@keep@*/ yasm_expr *e); /** Get the data value multiple value as an unsigned long integer. * \param dv data value * \param multiple multiple value (output) * \return 1 on error (set with yasm_error_set), 0 on success. */ YASM_LIB_DECL int yasm_dv_get_multiple(yasm_dataval *dv, /*@out@*/ unsigned long *multiple); /** Initialize a list of data values. * \param headp list of data values */ void yasm_dvs_initialize(yasm_datavalhead *headp); #ifndef YASM_DOXYGEN #define yasm_dvs_initialize(headp) STAILQ_INIT(headp) #endif /** Delete (free allocated memory for) a list of data values. * \param headp list of data values */ YASM_LIB_DECL void yasm_dvs_delete(yasm_datavalhead *headp); /** Add data value to the end of a list of data values. * \note Does not make a copy of the data value; so don't pass this function * static or local variables, and discard the dv pointer after calling * this function. * \param headp data value list * \param dv data value (may be NULL) * \return If data value was actually appended (it wasn't NULL), the data * value; otherwise NULL. */ YASM_LIB_DECL /*@null@*/ yasm_dataval *yasm_dvs_append (yasm_datavalhead *headp, /*@returned@*/ /*@null@*/ yasm_dataval *dv); /** Print a data value list. For debugging purposes. * \param f file * \param indent_level indentation level * \param headp data value list */ YASM_LIB_DECL void yasm_dvs_print(const yasm_datavalhead *headp, FILE *f, int indent_level); #endif